World War I And The World Essay - 904 Words

After World War II the world was drastically different. Despite experiences of World War I, the world received blows far different from the Great War just ten years earlier. Nearly 60 million people perished due to the war and its extensive damage in major urban population centers. The Allied powers, including Great Britain, France, Russia and the United States, now were left with the responsibility of putting the world back together. Post World War I, treaty and relief efforts fell flat so this time around Allied Powers were extra cautious realizing the influence and impact decisions had on the world. Eastern Europe took most of the brunt of the damage since it became a centralized location of German occupation. Eastern Europe experienced harsh occupations changing hands between Germany and Russia multiple times since the late 1500s. Eastern Europe had lost individual cultures and heritages becoming engulfed into communism. For Eastern Europe, property just changed hands from Nazi d omination to Communist domination in a blink of an eye, with no input for those who lived in the countries affected. Creating a separation from the outside world, Eastern Europe existed separate from the rest of the world which advanced and changed due to industry and advancements. In Slavenka Drakulic’s book, How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed, she explores how communism affected daily life for the people. History, just like movies, leaves out the trivial things. These trivial thingsShow MoreRelatedThe World Of World War I1293 Words   |  6 Pagesto the beginning of World War I, the world economy was held up by four pillars: the gold standard, free trade, communication and transportation, and capital and labor labor mobility. After facing two world wars and a worldwide economic depression, economists and governments from around the world implemented several development strategies. Some strategists tried to rebuild the order from before World War I in a more flexib le and stable way while others bucked the traditional world order all togetherRead MoreWorld War I1396 Words   |  6 Pages1939 to 1945 that reshaped the world. It may well be that this recognition will prompt rediscoveries and new gratefulness — the way the Bicentennial provoked prominent and scholarly rediscovery of American convention going back to the Revolution and the Constitution. The Great War — World War I — has now blurred in the aggregate memory of Americans. Yet, to the degree that World War I is all around refered to by history specialists to clarify the causes of World War II, it is fitting — in fact vitalRead MoreThe World War I829 Words   |  4 PagesLutwin de Macar Mr. LeClainche World History 6B April 17, 2015 I affirm the code The Unwanted Trenches It is estimated that between 8.5 and 12 million people died while fighting in the trenches. The estimation, in fact, is difficult to prove after the collapse of several countries’ government such as Russia, Austria Hungary, or Germany. The lives in the trenches were absolutely horrific. Soldiers were not aware of the life threatening conditions of the trenches when deciding to fight for their countryRead MoreThe World During World War I1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe world experienced life changing inventions and events during the time of World War I, such occurrences influenced the literature and the authors of the time. The time the war took place, the world experienced technological advancements at an unimaginable pace. In addition to technology, the war also changed the fashion in which society worked. Women became more independent as more jobs were offered to them in order to aid the war cause. In addition, countries such as England experienced extremeRead MoreThe War Of T he World War I902 Words   |  4 Pages War has been a terrible part of the human existence since the beginning of time. According to historians there has been only 268 years of peace out of the nearly 3,500 years that civilized humans have existed (Hedges). That is a staggering statistic showing how deep-rooted war is in the minds and hearts of people. So while war itself might be inevitable the outcome of any given conflict is anything but predictable. There are many different elements that come into play during combat but perhaps theRead MoreWorld War I Changed The World1115 Words   |  5 Pages21 million more had serious injures. World War I changed many lives around the world as eight European countries as well as the United States, fought against each other and formed allies. It the beginning, it was meant to be the war that ended all wars. This Great War was unlike any war before; there was new technology such as tanks and machine guns, as well as new tactics such as trenc hes and war at sea. The physical geography affected the outcome of the war in great measures, both on land and seaRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1523 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s been over a century since Austria declared war on Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, sparked a war that was to end all others. It clearly did not. Countless wars and conflicts have been fought since, each evolving into something different than the last. As a result, modern warfare has evolved into something completely different than that of a century ago. Although war is fought for fundamentally the same reasons, warfare, as it is practicedRead MoreThe World War I Is War1653 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War I is war famous for European nations fighting against themselves. It began to take shape when countries like France and Germany beginning to form their own allies. It all started with the powerful Austria-Hungary wanted to have Serbia as pa rt of their own empire. However a group of Serbian nationalists known as Black Hands dislike the idea. So they wanted to send a message to the Austria-Hungary government by killing Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Gavrilo Princip, member of the Black Hands,Read MoreThe War Of The World War I1279 Words   |  6 Pagestreaty that finished World War I was agreed upon by Germany and the Allies at the Palace of Versailles in Paris. The main three Allies showed their interest: British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Premier George Clemenceau and US President Woodrow Wilson. The Great War had crushed Europe. Limitless territories of north-western Europe were diminished to almost nothing; French and Belgian towns and towns had vanished from the map without any trace of existence. The war destroyed EuropeansRead MoreThe War Of The World War I1501 Words   |  7 Pages It’s been over a century since Austria declared war on Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdin and, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, sparked a war that was to end all others. It clearly did not. Countless wars and conflicts have been fought since each evolving into something different than the last. As a result, modern warfare has evolved into something completely different than that of a century ago. Although war is fought for fundamentally the same reasons, warfare, as it is

The Conservation Of The Natural Resources - 1223 Words

Natural resources include everything that the Earth provides that we need to live and survive. Knowing the importance of the natural resources to human life we must be aware that natural resources cannot be replenished once they have been depleted. We need to be very cautious that some natural resources we use are more easily renewed than others (Media: 1.5 Resource, n.d.). We need to be aware that we are responsible in the use and protection of the world around us through proper conservation and sustainable practices and that our mission needs to safeguard and protect the Earth: its people, its animals and plants and the natural systems on which all life depends. Sustainability will help us to create an environment that will sustain life on Earth for longer than our own lifetimes. However, the practice of sustainability is more difficult, and we need to ask ourselves â€Å"how we can make our environmental footprint smaller?† Richard Rogers, a British architect, says, â€Å"The only way forward, if we are going to improve the quality of the environment, is to get everybody involved.† That is why we need to look for ways to get involved and do everything in our power to ensure a better future for us and the future generations. We need to set specific targets for continuous reduction in environmental impact and create a plan for a sustainable future. My environmental action plan is a step towards creating a more sustainable world and to get people involved in making a differenceShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Community On Natural Resources Conservation Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesAGRAWAL, A. AND C. GIBSON. 1999. Enchantment and Disenchantment: The role of community in natural resources conservation. World Development 27(4): 629- 649. Bose up, E 1965. The condition of Agricultural Growth. Allen and Unwind, London. Cheng S, Hiwatashi Y, Imai H, Naito M, Numata T (1998). Cleaver KM, Schreiber GA (1994). Reversing the spiral: The population, agriculture, and environment nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank. Washington DC. Coleman, J. S. 1988. Social capital in the CreationRead MoreWhat Are The Ideologies Associated With Societal Views Of The Environment And How One Should Effectively Approach Natural Resource Conservation1536 Words   |  7 Pagesviews of the environment and how one should effectively approach natural resource conservation. There is anthropocentrism which places human needs and utility as the highest priority and values the environment only to the point at which it is useful to humans. In the words of Aristotle (Politics, Bk. 1, Ch. 8), â€Å"nature has made all things specifically for the sake of man† (Brennan, 2002). This ideology focuses on â€Å"use value† of resources, seeing them as tools to increase the wellbeing of society (MazzottaRead MoreAgricultural Act Of 2014 Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagestwelve sections or titles. These titles include Commodities; Conservation; Trade; Nutrition; Credit; Rural Development; Research, Extension, and Related Matters; Fore stry; Energy; Specialty Crops and Horticulture; Crop Insurance; and Miscellaneous (Agricultural Act of 2014: Highlights and Implications). The Conservation title encourages environmental stewardship and improved management practices. Prior to the 2014 farm bill the Conservation title has included over twenty different programs. AlthoughRead MoreKansas Department Of Natural Resources868 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Not everyone is cut out to be a law enforcement officer, and even fewer, an Indiana Conservation Officer†¦ We are the law enforcement division of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. We provide a law enforcement presence for all divisions and state properties within the Department of Natural Resources. As a Conservation Officer, we have full police powers within the State of Indiana, but concentrate our efforts on the primary areas of fish and wildlife law enforcement. This also includesRead MoreFarming and Natural Resource Dynamics under Public-Private Partnership in Eastern Zambia1583 Words   |  6 Pages1.1. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM): Opening Doors for Market-Orie nted Approaches Over the past twenty years, CBNRM has been adopted as a panacea for achieving sustainable NRM and rural economic development in East and Southern Africa [13]. CBNRM was born out of the wisdom that most causes of rural resource degradation take place due to centralised governance systems that exclude local communities from accessing resources in protected areas [14]. Thus, Nyirenda et al. [15]Read MoreConservation vs Preservation960 Words   |  4 PagesConservation Versus Preservation Today, millions of acres of land in our nation have been fortunate enough to not be disrupted by the touch of man. Around the nation it is also always on debate about using the natural resources of those untouched lands to benefit the economy and man in some way. However, there are many who oppose doing this and there are also those who believe we should harness those resources, but in a way that is not damaging. These two beliefs are called conservation and preservationRead MoreIntroduction. 1.1 Background. The Sustainable Use Of Natural1373 Words   |  6 Pagessustainable use of natural resources has emerged as big issue in the contemporary world. The importance of sustainable use of natural resources has increased because of its relationship with world food security and healthy environment. These days the water and land ecosystems are being degraded at an alarming rate (Hannam, 2003 cited in Teketel, 2009). Natural resources, agriculture and human activities are interrelated in developing countries. The human population uses these natural resources for their livelihoodsRead MoreEnergy Conservation960 Words   |  4 PagesEnergy Conservation What can we do to help Carol D. Patterson Axia College University of Phoenix March 7, 201 â€Æ' Introduction I am doing my essay on energy conservation. I would like to point out the good and the bad points of energy conservation. What could happen if we do not start conserving the different kinds of energy we have left? What are the different kinds of energy? How might we put into practice the different kinds of energy? In my paper, I will explain these formsRead MoreImportance Of Biodiversity Conservation1295 Words   |  6 Pages There has been increasing awareness all over the world on the need to use biodiversity conservation for sustainable development. Biological resources should be protected and used to improve human conditions in ways that the world varieties of species will not diminish (Egunyomi and Salaam, 1996). NEST (1991) stated that over 350,000ha of forest and natural vegetation are being lost annually in Nigeria. One of the most effective and best means of conserving biodiversity is to prevent the destructionRead MoreThe Massive Exploitation Of The Earth s Resour ces1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe massive exploitation of the earth’s resources for economic gain in the late 19th and early 20th century, caused huge devastation to the land and its natural habitat: disrupted the balance to an even larger scale than early agrarian societies. Partial due to this was the great divorce or the great separation of man and nature. When early civilization was starting out the separation began to see the land and nature as a source of great benefit and later on as a source of wealth. Majority of those

Secrets †Creative Writing Free Essays

Bill locked the last bolt on the door. â€Å"Another day finished† Bill said with a sigh. â€Å"I’ll just finish putting these in the back room†. We will write a custom essay sample on Secrets – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sue heaved the last box into the storeroom and dropped it on the floor. She took the pencil out of her mouth and started marking of the boxes on the clipboard. â€Å"Nine..Ten..Ele†¦What the hell!!† She slowly stepped towards the strange object and as she approached it she began to realize what it was. â€Å"BILLLLLLLLL† she screamed. A figure appeared in the doorframe, when Sue turned around she was shocked to see him smirking. † I see you’ve found my little, how would you put†¦surprise† Sues mouth dropped open. â€Å"But, what, how, who is it?† Sue stammered. â€Å"Just someone that needed, taken care of. Now we’re not going to tell anyone are we? We wouldn’t like that to be you, would we?† he replied with a nod. Sue was rooted to the spot. She could feel her body shivering with fear. She felt like she had been standing there for hours. When reality finally hit her she let out a huge scream and ran for her life. â€Å"She won’t get far† Bill said to himself with a menacing laugh. Sue ran along the cold, wet streets of Lairg, tears streaming down her face. She was distraught; she didn’t know where she was going all she knew was that it wasn’t home. How could she go home in this state her father was sure to notice and as thousands of questions. She couldn’t cope with it, not after what she’d seen. Images kept flickering through her head, of Bills evil face and the arm. She was traumatized. Throwing herself down onto the wet steps of Spar. She couldn’t think straight no matter how much she tried her mind was full of worries and images. How could she go on, knowing about that poor person Bill had supposedly â€Å"taken care of†, knowing about the kind of person Bill really is. Bill watched as the young girl slowly mounted the emergency steps to the roof of Spar. He grinned as he saw a tearful face appear at the edge of the roof. After muttering a few silent words the girl flung herself of the roof. Bill stood up and looked around for any witness’. Nobody was around. He grabbed the girls’ hair and dragged her behind Spar. â€Å"I didn’t even touch her† he muttered into his mobile, â€Å"I’m at Spar come and pick me up†¦and her† â€Å"So please anyone that has any information about the disappearance of Sue Macbeath contact us the number is 084† the police officers plea was cut short as Bill turned his television off. He spooned the last of his corn flakes into his mouth and dropped the plate into the sink. The familiar sound of a bell ringing on the shop door alarmed Bill, as he was busy in the storeroom. Well, he thought with some annoyance, Sue will just have to wait for now. He briskly left the storeroom, closing the door tightly behind him. He looked all around, nobody to be seen. Just as he was about to turn around and go back into the room he heard a radio crackle. â€Å"No sign of anyone here. Over.† A deep, manly voice said. Bill spun round and was greeted by an overweight, red-faced policeman. â€Å"Well, Hello young man† said the jolly policeman patting Bill on the back. Bill gave a weak smile. â€Å"Can I help you officer?† he said. â€Å"Well, as you may have already a young lass b the name of Sue Mcbeath has gone missing† he said without much effort. Bill felt like he was reciting a well-rehearsed speech. â€Å"Anyway, to get to the point† he added. † We believe that she was a colleague and a friend of yours†. â€Å"Yes† Bill gave a fake sigh. † A very good friend of min. Last time I saw her was yesterday evening, around five to six. I told her she could go early and that I would lock up.† â€Å"Did she say where she was going?† â€Å"No officer. I just presumed she would be going home like usual.† â€Å"Was she acting at all strangely?† â€Å"No officer. Just being her usual cheery self.† Bill told the officer as he wrote notes down on his note-pad. â€Å"Well son. I reckon I’ll be back, but for now, don’t give up hope eh? We’ll find her† he said comfortingly, chucking Bills chin. â€Å"Thanks you officer. I’ll be sure to give you a call if I think of anything else† And with that the officer left. Bill tapped a number into his mobile. â€Å"Darren?† he said â€Å"I’ve just has that police in here. I think you’d better come over.† The whole of Lairg was on a hunt for Sue Macbeath. There were new conferences on the television and reports on the radio. The plea that chocked Bill the most was the one from Sues stepfather. â€Å"She was a bright, cheery, joyful girl who had her whole life ahead of her† her teary eyed stepfather said. â€Å"Please whoever knows where she is or even thinks they know where she could be just contact us. We just want our little girl back. Thank you† It was one week on and Bill was getting ready too lock up. After spraying half a can of air freshener in the storeroom, he covered the body with boxes of crisps and sweets. It was starting to decay and Bill was dick with worry. He just didn’t no where to dispose of the body. A chap on the door disturbed Bill from his thought. Standing outside the door were several policemen and Sues stepfather Darren. Bill and Darren exchanged worried glances. â€Å"Officer, I really don’t think this is necessary† Bill could hear Darren say. â€Å"She phoned to say she was leaving.† Bill opened the door and the policemen swept past him. The fat, red-faced policeman didn’t look so happy this time. Without even glancing at Bill he produced and important looking piece of paper. â€Å"We’re here to search this building. We have a warrant.† Pointing to different officers he directed them to different parts of the shop. â€Å"And me, I’ll check here† he said nodding his head towards the storeroom. Bill and Darren followed him. â€Å"Where’s the light in here† â€Å"Well actually officer† Bill said pointing to he roof â€Å"The bulbs burst† â€Å"No worries, I’ll use my torch.† He shone his torch all over the room kicking empty boxes out of his way. As he got nearer and nearer the body Bill held his breath. Just as he was about to reach it, he turned around. â€Å"No, nothing here.† It was the same from every officer. Darren burst into tears. â€Å"We’ll ever find her† Darren cried through great big sobs. â€Å"Don’t worry son, this was only a quick scan. The shop will be cornered off and we’ll have snuffer dogs in by tonight. The officers were about to leave. Darren was still in tears. â€Å"Uhmm officer† Bill Said † I was just about to get my break so I could make Mr.Mcbeath a cup of tea or coffee if that’s ok† â€Å"What would you like to do Mr Macbeath?† asked the policeman â€Å"A cup of tea would be great. I’ll call my wife and she’ll pick me up.† Darren sniffed. â€Å"We shall phone this evening Mr Mcbeath with more information† the policeman called as he left the shop. As the sound of the police van leaving got more distant Darren looked up at Bill with a grin. â€Å"Wow!! That was a close one! Now, what were you saying about the quarry for the body?† Darren said How to cite Secrets – Creative Writing, Papers

Cross Culture Management Negotiation Capabilities

Question: Discuss about the Cross Culture Management for Negotiation Capabilities. Answer: Introduction: Reflection on case studies of negotiation simulations from week 9 to 11 depict several insights into the personal capabilities and pitfalls which could be capitalized upon to derive plausible communication skills, efficient conflict resolution and promising intercultural negotiations. Distinct simulations were characterized by the use of communication, negotiation and cultural theories for deriving the desired outcomes. Therefore, in this part of the reflective journal I would illustrate the missing ideal concepts which could have modified the outcomes of the negotiation simulations (Ang, Van Dyne, 2015). The reflection would also provide a cognizable impression of the setbacks in the negotiation process which could be catered in the future to deliver feasible outcomes. Negotiation is associated with communication and has been used in the context of business to solve dilemmas which are detrimental for two or more business organizations or parties. It has been observed in the simulations that intercultural business communication plays a vital role. The sale of the old used car by a local dealer in Newcastle to a Japanese student requires intercultural business communication. Therefore, the scope for universalistic approach in business communication relevant to the specified negotiation scenario suggests the integration of novel aspects in business communication alongside considering the significance of cultural diversity. I was able to observe that some of the simulations were characterized with the universalistic approach which resulted in apprehensions on behalf of either party. This could be perceived as a formidable weakness in my personal capabilities to negotiate. Thereafter the reflection on the development of an interactive phenomenon for communication allows the use of systemic and dynamic perspective in distinct simulations (Bian, Forsythe, 2012). The consideration of cultural definitions of communication enables me to apprehend the basis of intercultural communication and hence I could be able to realize strength in the communication process. From the perspective of communication, I realized majority of weaknesses and strengths upon understanding the model of communication. The model of communication indicated my strengths as the knowledge of the context in which the negotiation is conducted. On the other hand, my lack of experience in professional and individual contexts reflected on my weaknesses in negotiation (Bird, Mendenhall, 2016). Reviewing my negotiation capabilities with respect to culture was possible with the help of references to Halls high and low context theory which depicts the characteristic perception of communication in different cultures as well as the role of proxemics. The integration of cultural contexts in communication is also noted profoundly in the simulation role play. I was able to find that the preferences for low context communication serve as prominent setbacks for my personal capabilities in negotiation. Observation of the simulation for car negotiation conveys that use of low context communication as preferred by the local car dealer for negotiating with a Japanese student belonging to a high context culture accounts for a weakness. Theories indicate that differences between high context and low context cultures indicate are characterized by the formers preferences for development of social trust, agreements on the basis of trust and ritualistic negotiations (Budhwar, Debrah, 2013). On the contrary, low context cultures follow direct approach to business in negotiations which emphasize on performance and expertise. Furthermore, low context cultures are reliant on efficient negotiations along with focus on legal contracts. The formality factor in case of high context cultures is also higher than that of low context cultures and therefore the former are reliant on development of relationships according to high status and new relationships. On the other hand, I was also able to apprehend personal strengths in realizing proxemics as well as avoiding non verbal mishaps effectively in the negotiation simulations. Non verbal mishaps are considered as the major reason of fallout of specific parties in a negotiation due to culturally specific perception of gestures and body language. The approach implemented for verbal communication accounted for use of an interpreter as well as international English as a mode of communication which provides scope for my personal strength in international English. The simulations also indicated that I was able to refrain from any unwanted facial expressions which could affect the outcome of the negotiations (Cankaya, LeFevre, 2016). Thereafter, conversational styles implemented by me were characterized with listening which enabled the other party to understand that I was interested in the communication and thus social trust could obtain specific impetus from this personal strength of mine. Following the references to cultural and communication theories, I was also required to emphasize on the ideal practices cited for negotiation in theory in order to apprehend weaknesses and strengths. The individual stages of negotiation depict the requirements from an expert negotiator which include systems orientation, abundance of informati on, honesty, superior listening skills and maturity. I was able to identify personal traits in context of the indicators of negotiation including time horizon, concern for common objectives, alternative packages preferred and limitations. My agenda for negotiation involved packaging which means that the negotiation would offer benefits to either parties one time in bulk. The emphasis laid by me on the common interests of negotiating parties was strong and my limitations were fixed on goals of the negotiation (Chen, 2013). The different packages suggested for the negotiation in the negotiation process also accounts for strength in personal traits. Therefore, I was able to comprehend certain necessary advantages and setbacks in personal negotiating styles in context of culture, communication and negotiation theories. Suggestions for improvement largely include acquisition of information on various cultures, developing awareness for cultural diversity and demarcate cultural contexts for application in negotiation processes (Chhokar, Brodbeck, House, 2013). The negotiation simulation in week 12 also accounts for illustration of major outcomes specifically referring to the strategies followed for effective realization of negotiation processes. The necessary processes which are required for negotiation primarily include identification of objectives and strategies as well as reasonable approaches to negotiation strategies. The reflection will also cite the distinct stages of the planning process followed in the simulation, thereby indicating the validity of application of strategy in the process. Determination of objectives prior to the negotiation process is a formidable characteristic of a potentially beneficial negotiation process. The objectives are perceived to be a major influence on the strategy of the negotiator which can be observed in the form of direct and indirect effects. First of all, the indirect effects account for development and strengthening of a present relationship. Direct effects include specificity of goals, association of goals of both parties and limitations on the objectives (Joint, 2014). Reviewing the simulation also presents a lucid impression of the difference between strategy, planning and tactics. Tactics are short term initiatives which are generally derived from specific scenarios and they are implemented for the pursuit of broad strategies. I was able to understand that the measures which were defined during the course of the negotiation did not account either for planning or strategy and were tactics which were used in context of the strategy. Strategy is considered as the broad approach implemented for accomplishment of goals (Matsumoto, Hwang, 2013). Strategy has been classified into two categories such as unilateral and bilateral in which the former is characterized by the singular emphasis on personal interests while the latter emphasizes on the influence of others strategy on own interests and objectives. I need to emphasize on the strategy development on a generic basis reflecting on personal characteristics and objectives as well as that of the other party. The effective model which could be used for identifying strategic options reflect on the dual concerns model which recognizes personal stakes as well as the present and future approaches to relationship with other party as the outcomes of the negotiation. Analysis of available strategic option for negotiation alongside the implications of substantial and relative negotiation outcomes in the reflection enabled me to identify the distinct modes of engagement and non engagement. The strategies include four categories such as competition, collaboration, accommodation and avoidance. Avoidance is realized in case the strategy of either party does not lead to promising outcomes (Minkov, Hofstede, 2012). Therefore, my final apprehension in the reflection on simulation exercise in week 12 conveys the distinct steps of ideal negotiation process and the limitations noticed in actual practice. The distinct stages of the negotiation process included preparation, forming relationships, collection of information, utilization of information, offering bids and closing of deals. Finally the agreement reached upon by both parties has to be implemented effectively (Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). My reflection of the simulation activity suggests limited preparation related to the objectives and strategy of NIDO Petroleum/Gas and JGC Philippines. The construction contract between the companies involved in the negotiation also indicate that the flat fee alongside percentage profit could be beneficial for contractor i.e. JGC while the NIDO Petroleum Limited company presents substantial objections to the percentage due to ambiguity over specifying the profit percentage. Furthermore, implications of the disparities between effective and ineffective strategies perceived in the simulations of week 9 to 11 convey that use of dual concerns model for determination of mutual interests of both parties helps in limiting the insufficiencies in strategic negotiation processes. The use of tactics to resolve the dilemmas during negotiation over contract fee and percentage of profits accounts for effectiveness over the measures followed in simulations during week 9 to11. The reflection on the different simulation sessions also provides a viable impression of ethical issues which are associated with negotiation and the relevant measures which can resolve them. Ethics are considered as widely accepted precedents in the society which define right and wrong actions in specific scenarios. The utilization of ethics as noticed on an overall basis predict the inclusion of a potential understanding of the moral precedent established in an organization, definition of the problem followed by determination of economic outcomes and legal requirements. This process has to be complemented with the inclusion of comprehensive evaluation of ethical duties resulting in proposals for convincing solutions on moral grounds. Ethical issues arising in negotiation are primarily due to use of deceptive tactics and concerned motives for unethical practices (Rao Vajjhala, David Strang, 2014). The motives for unethical conduct include power as well as perception of competitiveness of strategies of the other party. However, negotiators should be aptly aware of the consequences which can be derived from unethical conduct. The consequences are primarily dependent on the context of effectiveness and the reactions of self as well as other entities such as audience. The causes for unethical conduct are also validated on several grounds by practitioners of unethical measures such as harmlessness or compulsion to implement the measure, limitation of negative consequences, and appropriateness of the measure for the situation and initiation of unethical behavior by the other party (Romani, Claes, 2014). Therefore, my reflection of the simulation indicates that negotiators could adopt measures such as inquiries through probing questions and presenting questions in distinct manner, references to the tactic implemented by the other party unethically as well as some choose to respond k indly in order to obtain favorable ethical behavior from the other party. This section of the reflective journal represents a negotiation planning process used for the negotiation simulation in Week 12. Furthermore, the specific references to negotiation roles, responsibilities, strategies and tactics used in the negotiation process (Thomas, Peterson, 2014). Role: I assumed the role of key negotiator in the simulation representing JGC Philippines. Responsibilities: I was responsible for analyzing information related to the other party NIDO Petroleum Limited alongside preparing a viable planning process in order to execute the negotiation. Strategy and tactics: I followed a dual concern model for identification of concerns on behalf of both parties suggestively indicating towards the contracts outcomes such as contract fee, percentage of fee and penalties associated with the contract. My strategy was characterized by emphasis on realization of the collaboration model of negotiation. The tactics implemented by me during the negotiation included review of the past records of association between the two enterprises which enabled to identify common areas of interest such as review of state legislations. My planning process was characterized with the illustrated description of the distinct issues to be addressed in the negotiation process. Thereafter I was able to apprehend the issues on a cumulative basis depicting the bargaining mix. The bargaining mix included the definitions for benefits for either party in the negotiation. References Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015).Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Bian, Q., Forsythe, S. (2012). Purchase intention for luxury brands: A cross cultural comparison.Journal of Business Research,65(10), 1443-1451. Bird, A., Mendenhall, M. E. (2016). From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), 115-126. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Cankaya, O., LeFevre, J. A. (2016). The Home Numeracy Environment: What Do Cross-Cultural Comparisons Tell Us About How to Scaffold Young Childrens Mathematical Skills?. InEarly Childhood Mathematics Skill Development in the Home Environment(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Chen, G. (2013). Research on Cross-Culture Management Framework of Multinational Firms: A Case Study.Communications in Information Science and Management Engineering,3(3), 161. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Joint, F. (2014). Cross Cultural Management. Matsumoto, D., Hwang, H. C. (2013). Assessing cross-cultural competence: A review of available tests.Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 0022022113492891. Minkov, M., Hofstede, G. (2012).Cross-cultural analysis: the science and art of comparing the world's modern societies and their cultures. Sage. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013).Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Rao Vajjhala, N., David Strang, K. (2014). Collaboration strategies for a transition economy: Measuring culture in Albania.Cross Cultural Management,21(1), 78-103. Romani, L., Claes, M. T. (2014). International Journal of Cross Cultural.Cross Cultural Management,14(1), 127-132. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2014).Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Vogel, R. M., Mitchell, M. S., Tepper, B. J., Restubog, S. L., Hu, C., Hua, W., Huang, J. C. (2015). A cross?cultural examination of subordinates' perceptions of and reactions to abusive supervision.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(5), 720-745. Zhu, Y., Bargiela-Chiappini, F. (2013). Balancing emic and etic: Situated learning and ethnography of communication in cross-cultural management education.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 380-395.